Texas Voter Suppression Law Challenge (LUPE)

Lawsuit filed on behalf of La Union del Pueblo Entero (LUPE), multiple voting and civil rights organizations, Texas election officials and individual voters challenging the state’s voter suppression legislation, Senate Bill 1. The lawsuit was filed before S.B. 1 was signed into law. The suit challenges multiple provisions of S.B. 1 — including a restriction on providing assistance to voters who need help completing or returning their ballots, the empowerment of partisan poll watchers, a ban on 24-hour and drive-thru voting, the criminalization of many voter outreach efforts, a ballot collection ban, mail-in ballot signature matching rules, new methods to cancel voter registrations and more — for violating the First, 14th and 15th Amendments, the Voting Rights Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act by imposing undue burdens on the right to vote, particularly for voters of color and voters with disabilities. Five other cases challenging S.B. 1 were consolidated with this case.

The Harris County Republican Party, Dallas County Republican Party, National Republican Senatorial Committee and National Republican Congressional Committee along with the Public Interest Legal Foundation filed motions to intervene in the case in order to protect S.B. 1. After the Republican Committees’ motion to intervene was denied by the district court, they appealed to the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The 5th Circuit reversed the decision of the district court and remanded the case, finding that the Republican committees had a right to intervene in the proceedings to defend S.B. 1. Litigation is ongoing before the district court.

On May 25, 2022, the district court granted the LULAC plaintiffs’ motion to compel the production of S.B.1-related communications and documents possessed by four state legislators. Claiming legislative privilege, the legislators appealed the district court’s order to the 5th Circuit, which reversed the district court’s order on May 17, 2023.

On Aug. 2, 2022, the district court granted in part and denied in part multiple sets of defendants’ motions to dismiss, thereby allowing claims brought by four sets of plaintiffs to move forward. On Aug. 30, 2022, the defendants appealed these orders on their motions to dismiss to the 5th Circuit, where litigation is ongoing. On June 20, 2024, the 5th Circuit held that Harris County District Attorney Kim Ogg is immune from constitutional claims against her, thereby reversing the district court’s denial of her motion to dismiss. Statutory claims still remain pending against Ogg.

On Aug. 17, 2023, the district court invalidated provisions of S.B. 1 that required clerks to reject mail-in ballot applications and completed mail-in ballots if they did not include a voter identification number — either a voter’s driver’s license number or the last four digits of a Social Security number — that matched the identification number used on an individual’s original voter registration application. The judge held that these provisions violated the Materiality Provision of the Civil Rights Act. On Dec. 1, 2023, the defendants appealed this ruling to the 5th Circuit, which paused the decision pending appeal on Dec. 15.

Trial took place from Sept. 11-Oct. 20, 2023.

On Feb. 16, 2024, the 5th Circuit reversed the district court’s order compelling testimony and the production of documents and communications between the Harris County Republican Party and state legislators and executive branch officials. The 5th Circuit held that these materials are protected by legislative privilege.

On Sept. 28, 2024, the district court struck down a provision of the law that makes it a felony for paid canvassers to interact with voters in in the presence of a mail-in ballot. Now, pro-voting and civil rights groups in Texas cannot be criminally charged for their paid voter engagement efforts.

On Oct. 1, 2024, the state defendants and Republican intervenors appealed the district court’s decision blocking a provision of S.B. 1 to the 5th Circuit, which administratively stayed the ruling until Oct. 15. Litigation in the 5th Circuit is ongoing.

On Oct. 11, the district court struck down the canvassing restrictions of S.B. 1 for violating Section 208 of the Voting Rights Act. The court also struck down several voter assistance restriction provisions of S.B. 1. On Oct. 17, 2024, state defendants and Republican intervenor appealed this decision to the 5th Circuit.

On Oct. 15, the 5th Circuit paused the opinion blocking the canvassing restriction provision on First Amendment grounds. The provision remains blocked under Section 208 of the Voting Rights Act.

On Oct. 18, the district court partially stayed its decision striking down several provisions of S.B. 1 for violating Section 208 of the Voting Rights Act. The canvassing restriction, voter relationship disclosure requirement, ban on compensated assistance and enjoined oath language provisions will remain in place during the November 2024 general election.

On March 18, 2025, the district court struck down several provisions related to the mail ballot number-matching requirement, parts of the assistance oath, voter relationship disclosure requirements, ban on compensated assistance and the canvassing restriction for violating the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. The court paused it ruling as it relates to any forms and election official conduct until after the May 2025 elections. On March 26, 2025, state defendants and Republican intervenors appealed this decision to the 5th Circuit.

STATUS: A post-trial decision on other provisions of S.B. 1 remains pending. Oral argument is scheduled for April 30, 2025 in an appeal over several voter assistance restriction provisions of S.B. 1 struck down for violating Section 208 of the Voting Rights Act.

Last updated: April 18, 2025 10:20 am EST